The Band

Meaning word, the band can mean different musical compositions or different sets of musicians in the brass family sometimes with percussion.

Musical compositions

In ethnomusicology, a fanfare is a melody rather disjoint (no second), using mostly the repetition of the harmonics of a fundamental note, for example, the children's song Jean de la Lune is a fanfare.

A fanfare is also a tone, a musical phrase often short, sometimes longer, one or more voices, used as a signal and performed by one or more musical instruments of the brass family at events calendar (hunt ...) or official (opening ...), religious ceremonies (coronation ...) or military (commemoration ...). The first tones of war trumpets and band of hunting horns are natural cited by Marin Mersenne in his Harminicorum Libri in 1637, but since the Middle Ages, illuminated manuscripts and miniatures, tapestries, sculptures and paintings reflect the circumstances the use of these compositions. The epic films about Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece or Ancient Egypt we heard (and see) moult bands, eclectic interpretation of Italian and Hollywoodian cinema .

Symbolizing usually airs hunting or military music is also a work or part of a musical work composed specifically for brass or desks brass a symphony or harmony orchestra. The most famous are from the Aida of Giuseppe Verdi, the Trojans of Berlioz or Tannhäuser of Wagner, but Monteverdi's Orfeo, Jean-Baptiste Lully in his Te Deum, Rameau in Castor and Pollux, Mouret Royal Fanfares, Zelenka Equestrian Fanfare, Mehul The Hunting of the young Henri, Rossini Hunting Fanfare, Dukas Fanfare to precede La Peri, Manuel de Falla Fanfare on the name of Arbos, Ravel Fanfare prelude to the fan of Joan... and many others have also composed. The film often uses in his music bands especially in the heroic adventure films such as Superman, the Indiana Jones or Star Wars composed by John Williams.

Musical groups

By definition, a band is a group of musicians whose instruments are only occasionally accompanied by brass percussion.

With instruments to sound natural, it's a whole of :

- Hunting horn for the hunt.

- The cavalry trumpets, hunting horn or bugle for military music and can be mixed and supported with timpanis, drums, bass drum, cymbals and even glockenspiels or fifes, it may add low brass (tubas, euphoniums, or helicons sousaphones): see band-drum band.

With the brass orchestra of classical instruments (trumpets, horns, trombones, tuba) and drums, is a set often specializes in repertoire from the Middle Ages to the Classical period, but also playing pieces contemporary music. His name is fairly common Great whole of brass.
With trumpets, cornets, bugles, horns, violas, trombones, euphonium, tuba, bass and contrabass saxhorns and a comprehensive panel of percussion, wind orchestra is a very common in England, Switzerland, Belgium , Holland and Germany, his name should be orchestral fanfare, but the anglicism brass band is increasingly used. The 1996 UK film Brassed Off tells of a band of miners involved in the final of the English national championship.

For simplicity, it is also a musical group consisting chiefly of brass but also with some wood, including saxophone, their real name should be harmony-band, these groups are intermediate between the wind band and previous band. In Switzerland, we speak of mixed band. Their instrumental diversity is often due to the difficulty in a given sector, to find all the musicians needed to achieve a more structured band. In addition there may order instruments (trumpets, horns, drums ...). Some engineering schools have their bands or brass bands harmonies often becoming known by the Festivals (Montpellier, Fleurance, Crest or Thoissey), ferias (Vic Fezensac, Arles, Nimes or Dax) or the National Competition of Bands of Fine Arts.

Terms et associated expressions

A bandsmen : a musician with a band.
A spectacular finish : entrance with panache, but sometimes too noisy
A clock with a bang : the origin, serenade given certain holidays in honor of someone, today, wake uproarious.
A braggart : person boastful, proud-to-arms but also term specifically defines a musician of Fanfare des Beaux Arts.
A fanfouille : orchestra music playing loudly and false. (Humor cynical musician: why is fanfouille walking? ... away from the noise.).

(Source: wikipedia.org - copyright authors - article under GFDL)

Creation date : 30/03/2009 14:12

Category : Files - Orchestres / Formations-Definitions

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Glossary

Hector Berlioz

Hector Berlioz is a composer, a writer and a French critic, born December 11, 1803 at La Cote Saint Andre, Isere, died March 8, 1869 in Paris.
It is considered one of the greatest representatives of European Romanticism, although it should challenge the term "romantic" that meant nothing to him.
It is defined in fact as a classical composer. His music had the reputation of not respecting the laws of harmony, accusation which does not resist to a deepened reading of its scores.
It reveals, paradoxically, that Berlioz respects the historical foundations of harmony dating from the XVI^th century (rules governing opposite and joint movements), but sometimes it frees additional rules appeared later and aesthetically questionable (rules modulation cadential among others).

Classical period

The Music "Classic" includes music written by agreement between the death of Johann Sebastian Bach is 1750 and the beginning of the Romantic period or the 1820s. By extension, called "classical music" all european art music, music from the Renaissance to contemporary music. It is therefore necessary to separate the classical music, composers whose headlights are Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Christoph Willibald Gluck, and classical music opposed to popular music in the West or elsewhere (referred to "Indian classical music," for example).

Desk

Originally, a desk is a piece of furniture equipped with an incline to keep open a document in order to read, write or at least facilitate consultation. By extension, music, the word has several meanings: object supporting a score, location of the conductor of an orchestra section, control panel or control of an organ or computerized instruments.

A support for the partition

In the midst of the Middle Ages, when Western music was learned systematized the use of notation, the panel has appointed a cabinet for supporting a partition so as to permit reading.

The position of conductor

"The 'console can metaphorically describe the place of the conductor. Thus, the radio, the commentator called sometimes the conductor by the expression: "the band X, Y on the podium.

A group of musicians

In a musical, a desk is a group of musicians performing the same party as the tenors in a choir or second violins in a symphony orchestra, but he also referred to as a set of instruments belonging to the same family, wood an orchestra to brass band or a big band.

Paul Dukas

Paul Dukas was a French composer born in Paris on 1st October 1865 and died in Paris May 17, 1935.
He studied at the Paris Conservatory and was a pupil of Guiraud, a friend of Bizet.
He left the Conservatory to devote himself to criticism and musical composition and was a friend of Claude Debussy.
Dukas taught composition and orchestration at the Paris Conservatory, he was particularly students Messiaen, Alain, Langlais, Durufle, Favre, Hubeau.

The fundamental

In harmony, the fundamental is the real note on which is founded « superimposing of third » of an agreement, and that gives its name to this one.
For example, in the chord of " C major "(do-mi-sol), the note C is the fundamental.
When agreement is in the fundamental state, the fundamental belongs to the low. Contrariwise, when agreement is in the state of inversion, the fundamental does not belong to the low.

Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi

Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi is an Italian romantic composer, born October 10, 1813 to Roncole and died January 27, 1901 in Milan.
His work, composed mainly of operas popular in his lifetime, has still a great success.
It is one of the composers of Italian opera's most influential XIX^th century, well beyond Bellini, Donizetti and Rossini.
His works are frequently performed in opera houses around the world and, transcending the boundaries of the genre, some of his themes have long been enshrined in popular culture as "La donna e mobile" from Rigoletto, the Brindisi from La traviata and the chorus "Va, pensiero" from Nabucco.
Although his compositions are sometimes criticized for using a diatonicism sacrifice to popular taste rather than a purely chromatic musical idiom and their tendency to melodrama, the masterpieces of Verdi still dominate the repertoire a century and a half after their creation.

Harmonics of a sound

A sound wave is characterized physically by its frequency of vibration and it is measured in Hertz (number of vibrations per second). For example, the "A³" has a frequency of 440 Hz higher the frequency, the higher the sound is high. At heights (and thus frequencies) identical sounds emitted by two different instruments (eg violin and flute) do not resonate in the same way. Each is characterized by its so-called stamp that identifies it, that no translation of his nature is really simple: it follows from the combination of its primary or basic, which sets the frequency perceived by the ear and a large number of harmonics whose relative weights determine precisely its timbre.

The harmony

In its broadest sense, the word harmony means traditionally one of the four elements of music - the others being the rhythm, the melody and timbre.
Harmony is the deliberate use of frequencies simultaneously, with a view to provide relief and depth to the song or instrumental performance : she represents the aspect vertical music, while the melody is the aspect horizontal.

Jean-Baptiste Lully

Jean-Baptiste Lully, born Giovanni Battista Lulli in Florence on November 28th, 1632 and died in Paris on March 22nd, 1687, is a French compositor of Italian origin, superintendent of the music of Louis XIV. By the donations of musician and organizer as well as sycophant and schemer, Lully dominated all musical life in France at the time of the King-sun. It was at the origin of several forms which he organized or conceived: lyric tragedy, big mote, opening to the French.
Her influence on all European music of its epoch was big, and numerous among the most gifted (Henry Purcell, Georg Friedrich Haendel, Johann Sebastian Bach, Jean-Philippe Rameau) is indebted to him in a title or other one.

John Williams

John Towner Williams is a compositor, conductor and an American pianist, been born on February 8th, 1932 in New York, the United States.
He is known in most cases for its musics of films. They owe him the resurgence of the symphonic original soundtracks with what remains its most famous work, the music of saga Star Wars.
He often collaborated with Steven Spielberg and George Lucas.

Manuel de Falla

Manuel de Falla, born on November 23rd, 1876 in Cadix and died on November 14th, 1946 to Alta Gracia (Argentina), is a Spanish compositor. It was Levantine by his father native to Valence, Catalan by his mother.

Melody

In a music system, the word melody means the dimension that takes into account the heights emitted by a source, individual or collective, instrumental or vocal in a musical production of any kind. The main melody is opposed to the rhythm, another component of the music.

Because it is a succession of sounds with different frequencies, a melody is a succession of intervals. Indeed, from the standpoint of the interpreter, like that of the listener, each note of a melody is determined by the melodic interval that separates it from the previous note.

Jean-Joseph Mouret

Jean-Joseph Mouret is a French musician born in Avignon, 11 April 1682 and died at Charenton December 22, 1738.

Mouret composed primarily for the stage (tragedies in music, operas, ballets).

He also wrote songs, entertainment, cantatilles, instrumental music (sonatas, fanfares and anthems).

It must be remembered, among other compositions, the two suites and symphonies. The first is entitled Fanfare for trumpets, timpani, violin and oboe and is dedicated to the son of the Duchess, the Prince of Dombes; it was performed at the Concert Spiritual including Jean-Joseph Mouret was manager. The second for violins, oboes and horns was performed at the Hotel de Ville in Paris in presence of King Louis XV.

Maurice Ravel

Joseph Maurice Ravel (Ciboure, Pyrenees-Atlantiques, March 7, 1875 - Paris, December 28, 1937) was a French composer of the modern era.
His work is the result of a persistent search for perfection and a legacy ranging from Rameau to the pioneers of jazz, reflects a unique style that, after participating at the beginning of the century Impressionist movement, turned to a more neoclassical stripped.
Recognized as a master of orchestration and a meticulous craftsman, a man of complex personality has never parted with a sensitivity and expressiveness that, according to Le Robert, made him recall his work in both " games the most subtle of intelligence "and" the outpourings of the most secret heart. "
Not very prolific (eighty-six original works, twenty-five works orchestrated or transcribed), producing music of Ravel is characterized by a diversity of genres and a significant proportion of works recognized as a major.
These include the symphonic ballet Daphnis et Chloe (1909-1912), Bolero (1928), two concertos for piano and orchestra (for the Left Hand, 1929-1931, in G major, 1930-31) and orchestration of Pictures at an Exhibition by Mussorgsky (1922) are those who have contributed most, for decades, internationally renowned musician.

Gioacchino Rossini

Gioacchino Rossini (Gioachino or - in the civil Giovacchino Antonio Rossini), born in Pesaro, February 29, 1792 and died in Paris on November 13, 1868, is one of the greatest composers of the nineteenth century, both in importance and extent of his repertoire as for its quality.
Above all, his name is connected with the opera. Today's most popular works are The Barber of Seville (The Barber of Seville by Beaumarchais), and La Cenerentola (from Cinderella), Overture (The Thieving Magpie), L'italiana in Algeri (The Italian Girl in Algiers) and Guillaume Tell.
The year 1830 represents a break in the life of Rossini. He stopped writing operas but always composed, at its own rhythm, sacred music and instrumental music until his death in 1868.

Tone

In western music, the word means a tone scale music belonging to the tonal system.

Caught in a broad sense, the word "tone" can refer to the tonal system as a whole.
The word can also take the direction of height, its fundamental to some instruments.
The word tone can be used as a synonym for tone.

A tone is defined as the set of intervals, melodic and harmonic as well, between hierarchical levels of a given scale compared to its fundamental level, called tonic. A tone is characterized by both the tonic and its mode.
Each key is constructed from the diatonic scale.

The tone is also a means to locate a musical instrument in relation to C reference.
The flute, violin or piano are in C, that is to say that when the C is played, it really means to do. The B-flat trumpet sounded really flat so when playing a do. The horn (in F) is heard when playing an F do.

The tone is very important because it will allow transposition and transcription of partitions in C in tones of instruments with different pitches.

Some instruments and their tone:

Ut: Piano, strings, flutes and piccolo, oboe, bassoon, C trumpet, trombone, tuba, bass tuba.
D flat: the old piccolos.
Re: Trumpet in D.
Eb: alto saxophone and baritone, small bugle, horn in E flat, alto (small tuba), clarinet, bass tuba.
F: Cor.
Sol: Trumpet in G.
The: Oboe d'amore, the trumpet.
Bb: soprano saxophone, tenor tuba (euphonium and baritone), B-flat trumpet, flugelhorn, clarinet, bass tuba (bombardon).

Richard Wagner

Wilhelm Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813, Leipzig - 13 February 1883, Venice) was a German composer.

Engineering a rare outsized universality Wagner owes its importance in the history of Western music in his operas, particularly Der Ring des Nibelungen, a festival stage in a prologue and three days of which he himself wrote the poems and the design deliberately bumped habits of the time to go, in his own words, to a 'total art' show full continuous melody and use of leitmotif.